The number of miles of roads paved as expenditures is an example of which type of budgeting?

The number of miles of roads paved as expenditures exemplifies Performance Based Budgeting. This approach focuses on the outcomes or results of expenditures rather than simply the allocation of funds. In this context, the measurement of road paving serves as a direct indicator of the effectiveness and efficiency of the budgetary resources being allocated.

Performance Based Budgeting emphasizes outcomes and goals; the quantity of roads paved signifies how well the municipal finance operations are achieving specific objectives related to infrastructure improvement. This type of budgeting shifts from traditional inputs to demonstrating how funding translates into tangible results, which is a cornerstone of performance measurement and accountability in finance management.

In contrast, the other budgeting methods focus on different aspects. Incremental Budgeting typically involves making adjustments to previous budgets based on existing levels without evaluating efficiency or performance. Line-item Budgeting organizes expenditures by account or category but does not directly link financial allocations with performance outcomes. Program Budgeting groups funding by specific programs or projects but may not underscore performance metrics the same way Performance Based Budgeting does. Therefore, the emphasis on mileage paved best aligns with the principles of Performance Based Budgeting.